Tornadoes

A tornado is a rapidly rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, but are typically in the form of a visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches the Earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris and dust.

Formation of Tornadoes

Tornadoes form from powerful thunderstorms in warm, moist air masses colliding with cool, dry air masses. When these air masses meet, it creates instability in the atmosphere, leading to the formation of a rotating updraft within the storm. This updraft can then be tilted by wind shear into a horizontal position, which can further intensify and create the conditions for a tornado to form.

Characteristics of Tornadoes

Tornadoes are characterized by their destructive power, which can cause significant damage to buildings, infrastructure, and natural landscapes. They are also known for their rapidly rotating winds, which can reach speeds of over 300 miles per hour in the most extreme cases. Tornadoes can vary in size, with some being relatively small and short-lived, while others can be large and long-lasting.

Staying Safe During a Tornado

It is important to have a plan in place for staying safe during a tornado. This can include seeking shelter in a designated tornado shelter or a small, windowless interior room on the lowest level of a sturdy building. It is also important to stay informed about tornado warnings and to have a way of receiving weather alerts, such as a weather radio or a smartphone app.

Study Guide

1. What is a tornado?
2. How do tornadoes form?
3. What are the characteristics of tornadoes?
4. What are some safety tips for staying safe during a tornado?