Neuron

A neuron, also known as a nerve cell, is the basic building block of the nervous system. It is a specialized cell that is responsible for transmitting information in the form of electrical and chemical signals.

Anatomy of a Neuron

A typical neuron consists of the following parts:

• Cell Body (Soma): Contains the nucleus and other organelles.
• Dendrites: Branch-like extensions that receive signals from other neurons.
• Axon: Long fiber that transmits signals to other cells.
• Axon Terminal: The end of the axon that communicates with other cells.

Types of Neurons

Neurons can be categorized into three main types:

1. Sensory Neurons: Transmit sensory information from the body to the brain and spinal cord.
2. Motor Neurons: Carry signals from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands.
3. Interneurons: Form connections between other neurons and are involved in processing information.

Neuronal Communication

Neurons communicate with each other through a process called synaptic transmission. When an electrical signal reaches the axon terminal, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters, which carry the signal across the synapse to the dendrites of the next neuron.

Study Guide

Here are some key points to remember when studying neurons:

1. What are the main parts of a neuron and their functions?
2. How do neurons transmit information to other cells?
3. What are the different types of neurons and their roles in the nervous system?
4. Explain the process of synaptic transmission in neuronal communication.

Understanding the structure and function of neurons is crucial to comprehending the complexities of the nervous system and how it impacts various bodily functions and behaviors.