States of Matter

States of matter refer to the distinct forms that different phases of matter can take. There are three primary states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.

Solid

A solid is a state of matter that has a definite shape and volume. The particles in a solid are closely packed together and vibrate in place. Solids have a fixed shape and cannot be compressed easily.

Liquid

A liquid is a state of matter that has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container. The particles in a liquid are more loosely packed than in a solid and are able to flow past each other. Liquids can be poured and take the shape of their container, but they cannot be easily compressed.

Gas

A gas is a state of matter that has neither a definite shape nor volume. The particles in a gas are very far apart and move freely. Gases can be compressed and expanded easily, and they fill the entire volume of their container.

Changes of State

Matter can change from one state to another through processes such as melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, and sublimation. These changes of state are physical changes, meaning the substance does not change chemically.

Plasma

Plasma is another state of matter that is less commonly found on Earth. It consists of highly ionized particles and is found in stars, lightning, and some other high-energy environments.

Study Guide Questions

1. What are the three primary states of matter?
2. Describe the characteristics of a solid.
3. How do the particles in a liquid differ from those in a solid?
4. Explain the behavior of gas particles.
5. What are some common processes by which matter changes state?
6. What is plasma, and where is it found?