Calcium

Calcium is a chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. It is an essential mineral that is necessary for the growth and maintenance of strong bones and teeth, as well as for the proper functioning of the heart, muscles, and nerves.

Properties of Calcium:

• Atomic Number: 20
• Atomic Mass: 40.078 amu
• Physical State at Room Temperature: Solid
• Color: Silvery-white
• Melting Point: 842°C
• Boiling Point: 1484°C

Sources of Calcium:

Calcium is commonly found in dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yogurt. It can also be obtained from leafy green vegetables, fortified cereals, and certain types of fish.

Functions of Calcium in the Body:

1. Bone Health: Calcium is a major component of bones and teeth, and is essential for their strength and structure.
2. Muscle Contraction: Calcium ions are critical for muscle contraction, including the beating of the heart.
3. Nerve Function: Calcium ions help transmit nerve impulses throughout the body.
4. Blood Clotting: Calcium plays a crucial role in the clotting of blood.

Calcium Deficiency:

A lack of calcium in the diet can lead to various health problems, including weak bones (osteoporosis), dental issues, muscle cramps, and a higher risk of fractures.

Study Guide:

1. What is the chemical symbol for calcium?
2. State the role of calcium in bone health.
3. List three good dietary sources of calcium.
4. Explain the importance of calcium in muscle contraction.
5. What are the consequences of calcium deficiency in the body?