Ovaries

The ovaries are reproductive glands in females located in the pelvis. They are part of the female reproductive system and have two main functions: the production of female sex hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, and the release of eggs during the menstrual cycle for potential fertilization.

Anatomy of the Ovaries

The ovaries are small, oval-shaped organs located on either side of the uterus. They are connected to the uterus by the fallopian tubes. Each ovary is about the size and shape of an almond and contains thousands of follicles, which are tiny sacs that hold immature eggs.

Functions of the Ovaries

The ovaries have two main functions:

• Production of Female Sex Hormones: The ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone, which are responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics, regulation of the menstrual cycle, and maintenance of pregnancy.
• Release of Eggs: During the menstrual cycle, the ovaries release a mature egg in a process called ovulation. The egg is released into the fallopian tube, where it may be fertilized by sperm.

Common Disorders of the Ovaries

Some common disorders that can affect the ovaries include:

• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries with small cysts on the outer edges.
• Ovarian Cysts: Fluid-filled sacs that develop within the ovary.
• Ovarian Cancer: The growth of abnormal cells in the ovaries, often detected at an advanced stage.

Study Guide

Here are some key points to remember about the ovaries:

1. The ovaries are reproductive glands in females responsible for hormone production and egg release.
2. They are located in the pelvis and connected to the uterus by the fallopian tubes.
3. The ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone, which regulate the menstrual cycle and support pregnancy.
4. Ovulation is the process of releasing a mature egg from the ovaries into the fallopian tube.
5. Common disorders of the ovaries include PCOS, ovarian cysts, and ovarian cancer.