Ferns

Ferns are a group of vascular plants that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. They belong to the phylum Pteridophyta and are known for their feathery leaves called fronds.

Characteristics of Ferns:

• Vascular Plants: Ferns have specialized tissues for transporting water and nutrients.
• Reproduction: They reproduce via spores, which are produced in structures called sporangia.
• Fronds: The leaves of ferns are called fronds and are often divided into smaller leaflets.
• Lifecycle: Ferns have a distinct life cycle, alternating between a sporophyte stage (the familiar fern plant) and a gametophyte stage (a small, independent plant).
• Habitat: They are commonly found in moist, shady environments such as forests, swamps, and tropical regions.

Study Guide:

1. What is the phylum to which ferns belong?

Answer: Ferns belong to the phylum Pteridophyta.

2. How do ferns reproduce?

Answer: Ferns reproduce via spores, which are produced in structures called sporangia.

3. What are the feathery leaves of ferns called?

Answer: The leaves of ferns are called fronds.

4. Describe the lifecycle of ferns.

Answer: Ferns have a lifecycle that alternates between a sporophyte stage (the familiar fern plant) and a gametophyte stage (a small, independent plant).

5. Where are ferns commonly found?

Answer: Ferns are commonly found in moist, shady environments such as forests, swamps, and tropical regions.