Protein

Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They are made up of smaller units called amino acids, which are linked together in a specific sequence. There are 20 different amino acids that can be combined to form a protein, and the sequence of these amino acids determines the structure and function of the protein.

Functions of Proteins

• Enzymes: Proteins act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in the body.
• Structural support: Proteins provide the structure and support for cells, tissues, and organs.
• Transport: Some proteins help transport molecules, such as oxygen, throughout the body.
• Immune function: Antibodies are proteins that play a key role in the body's immune response.
• Hormones: Certain proteins serve as chemical messengers in the body.
• Energy: In times of need, proteins can be broken down to provide energy.

Sources of Protein

Protein is found in a variety of foods, including:

• Meat, poultry, and fish
• Eggs and dairy products
• Legumes (such as beans and lentils)
• Nuts and seeds
• Grains and vegetables (in smaller amounts)

Protein and Health

Protein is essential for the growth, repair, and maintenance of the body's tissues. A lack of protein in the diet can lead to stunted growth, weakened immune function, and other health problems. On the other hand, consuming excessive amounts of protein, especially from sources high in saturated fat, can contribute to health issues such as heart disease.

Study Guide

1. What are the building blocks of proteins?
   Answer: Amino acids
2. How many different amino acids can be combined to form a protein?
   Answer: 20
3. What are the functions of proteins in the body?
   Answer: Enzymes, structural support, transport, immune function, hormones, and energy provision
4. Give examples of food sources of protein.
   Answer: Meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes, nuts, seeds, grains, and vegetables
5. Why is protein important for overall health?
   Answer: Protein is essential for the growth, repair, and maintenance of the body's tissues.