Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are one of the main macronutrients that provide energy for the body. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, and are commonly found in foods such as bread, rice, pasta, fruits, and vegetables.

Types of Carbohydrates

There are three main types of carbohydrates:

• Simple Carbohydrates: Also known as sugars, simple carbohydrates are quickly digested and absorbed by the body. They are found in foods like fruits, milk, and processed sugars.
• Complex Carbohydrates: Complex carbohydrates consist of longer chains of sugar molecules. They are found in foods like whole grains, legumes, and starchy vegetables.
• Dietary Fiber: Fiber is a type of carbohydrate that the body can't digest. It is found in foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes.

Functions of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates have several important functions in the body:

• Energy Source: Carbohydrates are the body's primary source of energy. They are broken down into glucose, which is used by the cells for fuel.
• Brain Function: Glucose from carbohydrates is crucial for brain function and is the preferred fuel for the brain.
• Digestive Health: Dietary fiber from carbohydrates helps promote healthy digestion and can prevent constipation.
• Weight Management: Choosing complex carbohydrates and fiber-rich foods can help with weight management and satiety.

Recommended Intake

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that carbohydrates make up 45-65% of total daily caloric intake. It's important to focus on consuming more complex carbohydrates and fiber-rich foods, while minimizing the intake of added sugars and simple carbohydrates.

Study Guide

To study carbohydrates, focus on the following key points:

1. Understand the chemical composition of carbohydrates (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen).
2. Learn the differences between simple carbohydrates, complex carbohydrates, and dietary fiber.
3. Memorize the functions of carbohydrates in the body, including energy source, brain function, and digestive health.
4. Be familiar with recommended carbohydrate intake and the importance of choosing healthy carbohydrate sources.

Understanding carbohydrates is essential for maintaining a balanced and healthy diet. Remember to include a variety of carbohydrate sources in your meals to ensure optimal nutrition and energy levels.