Crust: The outermost layer of the Earth, consisting of solidrock that includes both the continental crust (which forms the continents) and the oceanic crust (which forms the ocean basins).
Mantle: The layer beneath the crust, made up of hot, semi-solidrock that flows over long periods of time. The mantle is divided into the upper mantle and the lower mantle.
Human Impact: Consider how human activities, such as mining and construction, can impact the geosphere and contribute to environmental changes.
By mastering these concepts, you will gain a deeper understanding of the geosphere and its role in shaping the Earth's surface and supporting life on our planet.
Plan and carry out investigations that demonstrate the chemical and physical processes that form rocks and cycle Earth’s materials (e.g., processes of crystallization, heating and cooling, weathering, deformation, and sedimentation).