Adrenal Cortex

The adrenal cortex is the outer layer of the adrenal gland, which is located on top of each kidney. It is responsible for producing several important hormones that are vital for various bodily functions.

Hormones Produced by the Adrenal Cortex

1. Glucocorticoids: These hormones, such as cortisol, play a key role in regulating metabolism, immune function, and the body's response to stress.
2. Mineralocorticoids: The primary mineralocorticoid is aldosterone, which helps regulate blood pressure and electrolyte balance by acting on the kidneys.
3. Androgens: While the majority of androgens are produced in the testes in males and the ovaries in females, the adrenal cortex also produces small amounts of these male sex hormones.

Functions of the Adrenal Cortex

The hormones produced by the adrenal cortex have several important functions in the body:

• Regulating metabolism and blood sugar levels
• Controlling the body's response to stress and inflammation
• Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance
• Contributing to the development of secondary sexual characteristics

Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex

Imbalances in the production of hormones by the adrenal cortex can lead to various health conditions, such as:

1. Cushing's Syndrome: This condition occurs when the body is exposed to high levels of cortisol for an extended period, leading to symptoms such as weight gain, high blood pressure, and muscle weakness.
2. Addison's Disease: This is a rare disorder in which the adrenal cortex doesn't produce enough hormones, resulting in symptoms like fatigue, weight loss, and low blood pressure.

Study Guide

Here are some key points to remember about the adrenal cortex:

1. Location: The adrenal cortex is the outer layer of the adrenal gland, located on top of each kidney.
2. Hormones: It produces glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and small amounts of androgens.
3. Functions: It regulates metabolism, the body's response to stress, fluid and electrolyte balance, and contributes to the development of secondary sexual characteristics.
4. Disorders: Imbalances in adrenal cortex hormones can lead to conditions like Cushing's syndrome and Addison's disease.