Structure of Eukaryotic Cells

• Nucleus: This organelle contains the cell's genetic material and is the control center of the cell.
• Cell Membrane: The outer boundary of the cell that regulates the passage of materials in and out of the cell.
• Cytoplasm: The gel-like substance that fills the cell and houses organelles.
• Endoplasmic Reticulum: A network of membranes involved in the production of proteins and lipids.
• Golgi Apparatus: Responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion.
• Mitochondria: The "powerhouse" of the cell, where energy production occurs.
• Lysosomes: Contain digestive enzymes and break down waste materials.
• Cytoskeleton: Provides structural support and allows for cell movement.
• Centrioles: Involved in cell division.

Function of Eukaryotic Cells

• Reproduction: Eukaryotic cells divide to produce new cells through processes such as mitosis and meiosis.
• Metabolism: Cells carry out various metabolic processes, such as cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
• Homeostasis: Cells maintain a stable internal environment to support life processes.
• Communication: Cells communicate with each other through chemical signals and cell-to-cell interactions.
• Specialized Functions: Different cell types have specific functions, such as nerve cells transmitting signals or muscle cells contracting.

Comparison to Prokaryotic Cells

• Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.
• Eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.
• Eukaryotic cells can be found in multicellular organisms, while prokaryotic cells are typically found in single-celled organisms.