Kidneys

The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located on either side of the spine, below the rib cage. They play a crucial role in maintaining the body's overall health by filtering waste products and excess substances from the blood to form urine. The kidneys also help regulate blood pressure, produce hormones, and maintain the balance of electrolytes in the body.

Structure of the Kidney

The kidney is composed of several parts including the renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis, and nephrons. Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney responsible for filtering the blood and producing urine.

Functions of the Kidney

• Filtration: The kidneys filter waste products, toxins, and excess substances from the blood to form urine.
• Regulation of Blood Pressure: The kidneys help regulate blood pressure by controlling the volume of blood and the concentration of electrolytes in the body.
• Acid-Base Balance: The kidneys maintain the body's acid-base balance by excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate ions.
• Production of Hormones: The kidneys produce hormones such as erythropoietin, which stimulates the production of red blood cells, and renin, which helps regulate blood pressure.
• Balance of Electrolytes: The kidneys help maintain the balance of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and calcium in the body.

Kidney Disorders

Several disorders can affect the kidneys, including kidney stones, kidney infections, and chronic kidney disease. It is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle and seek medical attention if any kidney-related symptoms are experienced.

Study Guide

1. Describe the structure of the kidney and the function of each part.
2. Explain the process of urine formation in the nephrons.
3. Discuss the role of the kidneys in regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance.
4. List and describe common kidney disorders and their symptoms.
5. Explain the importance of maintaining kidney health through proper hydration and a balanced diet.