Skeletal System

The skeletal system is the framework of bones and cartilage that gives the body its structure and form. It serves several important functions including providing support and protection for the body's organs, allowing movement, producing blood cells, and storing minerals.

Key Components of the Skeletal System

• Bones: The skeletal system is made up of 206 bones in the adult human body. These bones come in a variety of shapes and sizes and are connected by joints.
• Cartilage: A flexible, rubbery substance that provides cushioning between bones and helps maintain their shape.
• Ligaments: Strong, fibrous tissues that connect bones to other bones and help stabilize joints.

Functions of the Skeletal System

1. Support: The bones of the skeletal system provide a framework that supports the body and helps maintain its shape.
2. Protection: The skull protects the brain, the rib cage protects the heart and lungs, and the vertebrae protect the spinal cord.
3. Movement: Bones and joints work together to allow for a wide range of movements, from walking and running to bending and stretching.
4. Production of Blood Cells: The bone marrow, found within certain bones, is responsible for producing red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
5. Storage of Minerals: Bones store minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, releasing them into the bloodstream as needed to support bodily functions.

Common Skeletal System Disorders

Some common disorders of the skeletal system include:

• Osteoporosis: A condition characterized by weakened bones, increasing the risk of fractures.
• Arthritis: Inflammation of the joints, causing pain and stiffness.
• Scoliosis: A curvature of the spine that can lead to difficulty with movement and breathing.

Study Guide

When studying the skeletal system, it's important to understand the functions of the bones, the types of joints, and the structure of the spine. Pay close attention to the different classifications of bones (long, short, flat, irregular) and their roles in the body. Understanding the process of bone formation and growth, as well as the effects of aging on the skeletal system, is also crucial.

Be sure to familiarize yourself with common skeletal system disorders and their impacts on overall health. Finally, practice identifying bones and their features, such as the skull, rib cage, and major limb bones.