Stem Study Guide

A stem is the main structural part of a plant that supports the leaves, flowers, and fruits. It also serves as a conduit for transporting water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the plant.

Types of Stems

• Herbaceous stems: These stems are soft, green, and flexible. They are usually found in non-woody plants and can be annual, biennial, or perennial.
• Woody stems: These stems are hard and rigid due to the presence of lignin. They are found in trees and shrubs and provide strong support to the plant.

Functions of Stems

• Support: Stems provide structural support to the plant and keep it upright.
• Transportation: Stems contain vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) that transport water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the plant.
• Storage: Some stems, such as rhizomes and tubers, store food and water for the plant.
• Photosynthesis: Green stems can carry out photosynthesis and produce food for the plant.

Parts of a Stem

A typical stem consists of the following parts:

• Node: The point on the stem where leaves, buds, and branches are attached.
• Internode: The region between two nodes.
• Apical bud: The primary growing point located at the tip of the stem.
• Axillary bud: A bud located in the axil of a leaf and capable of forming a new shoot or branch.
• Terminal bud: The bud located at the tip of the stem.

Study Tips

When studying about stems, it's important to focus on understanding the functions, types, and parts of stems. Here are some tips to help you study effectively:

1. Make use of diagrams and illustrations to visually understand the different parts of a stem.
2. Learn the specific functions of each part of the stem and how they contribute to the overall health and growth of the plant.
3. Understand the differences between herbaceous and woody stems, and the types of plants they are found in.
4. Practice identifying the parts of a stem in different plants to reinforce your knowledge.