Ferns: An Introduction

Ferns are a group of plants that belong to the division Pteridophyta. They are vascular plants that reproduce via spores and do not produce seeds like flowering plants. Ferns are found in various habitats around the world, from tropical rainforests to temperate forests and even deserts.

Anatomy of a Fern

A typical fern plant consists of roots, a stem (rhizome), and fronds. Fronds are the large, divided leaves of the fern that are responsible for photosynthesis. Ferns also have specialized structures called sporangia, which are located on the underside of the fronds and contain spores.

Life Cycle of a Fern

The life cycle of a fern involves alternation of generations, with the plant alternating between a sporophyte stage (the familiar leafy fern plant) and a gametophyte stage (a small, often inconspicuous plant body). The sporophyte produces spores, which give rise to the gametophyte. The gametophyte, in turn, produces eggs and sperm that unite to form a new sporophyte.

Study Guide

1. What is the division to which ferns belong?
2. Describe the anatomy of a fern plant.
3. Explain the life cycle of a fern.
4. Where are ferns commonly found around the world?
5. How do ferns reproduce?