Transport
Transport is the movement of substances such as nutrients, gases, and waste products within an organism. This process is essential for the survival of living organisms as it allows for the distribution of necessary materials throughout the body and the removal of waste products.
Types of Transport
There are two main types of transport in living organisms:
- Passive Transport: This type of transport does not require energy and relies on the natural movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion are examples of passive transport processes.
- Active Transport: Active transport requires energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and moves molecules against their concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. This process is essential for the uptake of nutrients and the removal of waste products.
Transport in Plants
In plants, transport occurs through specialized tissues:
- Xylem: Responsible for the transport of water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
- Phloem: Transports the products of photosynthesis, such as sugars, from the leaves to the rest of the plant.
Transport in Animals
In animals, transport occurs through the circulatory system:
- Heart: Pumps blood throughout the body, allowing for the distribution of oxygen, nutrients, and hormones, as well as the removal of waste products.
- Blood Vessels: Arteries, veins, and capillaries transport blood to and from the heart, reaching all parts of the body.
Study Guide
Key concepts to understand when studying transport:
- Define transport and its importance in living organisms.
- Describe the difference between passive and active transport, providing examples of each process.
- Explain the role of xylem and phloem in plants, and how they facilitate the transport of water, nutrients, and sugars.
- Discuss the components of the circulatory system in animals, including the function of the heart and blood vessels.
- Compare and contrast the transport systems in plants and animals, highlighting their similarities and differences.
Understanding the mechanisms of transport is crucial for comprehending the functioning of living organisms and their ability to maintain homeostasis.
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LIFE SCIENCE
Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics
Examine the cycling of matter between abiotic and biotic parts of ecosystems to explain the flow of energy and the conservation of matter.
Analyze and interpret data to provide evidence regarding how resource availability impacts individual organisms as well as populations of organisms within an ecosystem.
Construct an explanation to predict patterns of interactions in different ecosystems in terms of the relationships between and among organisms (e.g., competition, predation, mutualism, commensalism, parasitism).
Engage in argument to defend the effectiveness of a design solution that maintains biodiversity and ecosystem services (e.g., using scientific, economic, and social considerations regarding purifying water, recycling nutrients, preventing soil erosion).