Growth Hormone

Growth hormone, also known as somatotropin, is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration in humans and other animals. It is produced by the pituitary gland, which is located at the base of the brain.

Functions of Growth Hormone

1. Stimulating Growth: Growth hormone plays a key role in stimulating growth during childhood and adolescence. It promotes the growth of bones and cartilage, as well as the replication of cells throughout the body.

2. Metabolism Regulation: Growth hormone helps regulate metabolism by promoting the breakdown of fats for energy and decreasing the use of glucose as a source of energy.

3. Muscle Growth: It also stimulates the growth and repair of muscle tissue, helping to increase muscle mass and strength.

Regulation of Growth Hormone

Growth hormone secretion is regulated by a complex interplay of hormones and signals in the body. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin, which are produced by the hypothalamus, control the release of growth hormone from the pituitary gland.

Disorders Related to Growth Hormone

1. Growth Hormone Deficiency: When the pituitary gland does not produce enough growth hormone, it can lead to growth hormone deficiency, resulting in stunted growth and other health issues.

2. Excess Growth Hormone: On the other hand, an overproduction of growth hormone can lead to a condition called acromegaly, characterized by excessive growth of tissues and bones.

Study Guide

1. Define growth hormone and its primary functions.
2. Explain the role of growth hormone in stimulating growth during childhood and adolescence.
3. Describe the regulation of growth hormone secretion in the body.
4. Discuss the effects of growth hormone deficiency and excess growth hormone on the body.
5. Compare and contrast the functions of growth hormone with other hormones involved in growth and development.

By studying the functions, regulation, and disorders related to growth hormone, you can gain a comprehensive understanding of this important hormone and its role in the human body.