Mantle

The mantle is a layer of the Earth between the outer core and the Earth's crust. It is a region of hot, semi-solid rock that extends from the outer core to the crust. The mantle is made up of silicate minerals, and its temperature and pressure increase with depth.

Structure of the Mantle

The mantle is divided into two main layers: the upper mantle and the lower mantle. The upper mantle is cooler and more rigid, while the lower mantle is hotter and more fluid.

Composition

The mantle is composed mainly of silicate rocks, including peridotite and pyroxene. These rocks are rich in iron and magnesium, and they have the ability to flow over long periods of time, which contributes to the slow movement of tectonic plates.

Functions and Significance

The mantle plays a crucial role in the movement of tectonic plates, convection currents, and the formation of volcanic activity. It also influences the Earth's magnetic field and the transfer of heat from the Earth's core to the surface.

Study Guide

1. What is the mantle?
2. Describe the structure of the mantle.
3. What are the main components of the mantle?
4. What role does the mantle play in the movement of tectonic plates?
5. How does the mantle contribute to volcanic activity?
6. Explain the significance of the mantle in the Earth's magnetic field.