Structure and Function

Sulfonamides work by interfering with the synthesis of folic acid, a crucial component for the production of DNA and RNA in bacteria. Sulfonamides mimic the structure of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), a precursor for folic acid. By mimicking PABA, sulfonamides prevent the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase from converting PABA to dihydrofolic acid, disrupting the production of folic acid and ultimately inhibiting bacterial growth.

Uses

Sulfonamides are used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, and skin infections. They are also used in the treatment of conditions such as rheumatic fever, toxoplasmosis, and chancroid.

Side Effects

Common side effects of sulfonamides include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and allergic reactions. In rare cases, they can cause more severe reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, a potentially life-threatening skin condition.

Study Guide

1. Mechanism of Action: Understand how sulfonamides interfere with the synthesis of folic acid in bacteria.
2. Uses: Familiarize yourself with the various bacterial infections and conditions that sulfonamides are used to treat.
3. Side Effects: Be aware of the potential side effects and adverse reactions associated with sulfonamide use.
4. Comparative Analysis: Compare the mechanism of action of sulfonamides with other classes of antibiotics, such as penicillins or cephalosporins.