Yeast

Yeast is a type of fungus that plays a key role in the process of fermentation. It is widely used in baking and brewing due to its ability to convert sugars into carbon dioxide and alcohol. Yeast is also used in the production of various food products and in the biotechnology industry.

Structure of Yeast

Yeast is a single-celled organism that belongs to the fungus kingdom. It is classified as a type of fungi and comes in various species, the most common being Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast cells are typically oval or spherical in shape and are microscopic in size.

Role in Fermentation

Yeast plays a crucial role in the process of fermentation. When yeast is exposed to sugars in an anaerobic (oxygen-free) environment, it undergoes a metabolic process known as alcoholic fermentation. During this process, yeast converts sugars into carbon dioxide and alcohol, which gives rise to the characteristic flavors and textures in bread, beer, and wine.

Industrial Applications

Yeast is widely used in the food and beverage industry for fermentation and leavening processes. It is also utilized in the biotechnology industry for the production of various biochemical products and pharmaceuticals.

Study Guide

1. What is yeast and how is it classified?
2. Explain the role of yeast in fermentation.
3. Describe the structure of yeast cells.
4. Discuss the industrial applications of yeast.

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