Protein

Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They are made up of smaller units called amino acids, which are linked together in a specific sequence. There are 20 different amino acids that can be combined to form a protein, and the sequence of these amino acids determines the structure and function of the protein.

Functions of Proteins:

• Enzymes: Proteins act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in the body.
• Structural Support: Proteins provide structure and support for cells, tissues, and organs.
• Transport: Some proteins help transport molecules, such as oxygen, throughout the body.
• Immune Function: Antibodies are specialized proteins that help the body recognize and fight off foreign invaders.
• Hormones: Certain proteins act as chemical messengers, regulating various physiological processes.
• Muscle Contractions: Proteins such as actin and myosin are involved in muscle contractions.

Sources of Protein:

Protein is found in a variety of foods, including:

• Meat and poultry
• Fish and seafood
• Dairy products
• Eggs
• Beans and legumes
• Nuts and seeds
• Tofu and other soy products

Protein Structure:

Proteins have a unique 3D structure that is essential for their function. This structure is determined by the sequence of amino acids and is influenced by various factors such as temperature, pH, and interactions with other molecules.

Protein Digestion and Absorption:

When we consume protein-containing foods, the proteins are broken down into amino acids during the process of digestion. These amino acids are then absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the body to build and repair tissues, and to carry out various physiological functions.

Study Guide:

1. What are proteins made up of?
2. What are the functions of proteins in the body?
3. List some sources of protein in the diet.
4. Explain the structure of proteins and its importance.
5. Describe the process of protein digestion and absorption.