Neanderthals

Neanderthals are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans who lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago. They are the closest evolutionary relatives of modern humans, sharing a common ancestor with us around 500,000 years ago.

Physical Characteristics

Neanderthals were robust and powerfully built, with a stocky, muscular body. They had a larger brain size than modern humans and their physical features included a prominent brow ridge, a wide nose, and a receding chin.

Lifestyle and Culture

Neanderthals were skilled hunters and gatherers, using tools and weapons to hunt large game and forage for plants. They also lived in complex social groups and had the ability to use fire, make clothing, and create art.

Extinction

The reasons for the extinction of Neanderthals are still debated among scientists. Possible factors include climate change, competition with modern humans, and interbreeding with modern humans.

Study Guide

1. What are Neanderthals?
2. Describe the physical characteristics of Neanderthals.
3. What was the lifestyle and culture of Neanderthals like?
4. What are the possible reasons for the extinction of Neanderthals?
5. How are Neanderthals related to modern humans?
6. What evidence do we have of Neanderthal tools and technology?