Germination

Germination is the process by which a seed begins to grow into a new plant. It involves the reactivation of the seed's metabolism and the growth of a new embryonic plant.

Stages of Germination

Germination involves several stages:

1. Water imbibition: The seed absorbs water, causing it to swell and become activated.
2. Activation of enzymes: Enzymes within the seed become active, initiating metabolic processes.
3. Initiation of growth: The embryonic plant within the seed begins to grow, with the radicle (embryonic root) being the first structure to emerge.
4. Emergence of the seedling: The shoot and roots of the seedling emerge from the seed, and the plant begins to photosynthesize and grow.

Factors Affecting Germination

Several factors can affect the germination of seeds, including water, temperature, oxygen, and light.