Ureters

The ureters are muscular tubes that connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Their primary function is to transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder for storage and eventual elimination from the body.

Anatomy of Ureters

The ureters are approximately 25-30 cm long and about 3-4 mm in diameter. Each ureter is composed of three layers: the inner mucosa, the muscular layer, and the outer fibrous layer. The muscular layer contains smooth muscle fibers that undergo peristaltic contractions to propel urine towards the bladder.

Function of Ureters

The main function of the ureters is to transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. This process involves the continuous peristaltic contractions of the smooth muscles in the ureter walls, which help push the urine towards the bladder. The ureters also prevent the backflow of urine from the bladder into the kidneys by a mechanism called the vesicoureteral junction.

Disorders of Ureters

Several disorders can affect the ureters, including kidney stones, ureteral strictures, and urinary reflux. These conditions can lead to obstruction, infection, and impaired urine flow, resulting in various symptoms such as flank pain, urinary tract infections, and hematuria (blood in the urine).

Study Guide

1. Describe the anatomy of the ureters.
2. Explain the function of the ureters in the urinary system.
3. List and describe the disorders that can affect the ureters.
4. Discuss the role of peristalsis in the transport of urine through the ureters.
5. Compare and contrast the structure and function of the ureters with other components of the urinary system.