Acids
An acid is a chemical substance that donates a proton (H+) to another substance, known as a base. Acids are characterized by their sour taste, ability to turn blue litmus paper red, and their ability to neutralize bases.
Properties of Acids
- Acids have a sour taste.
- Acids can conduct electricity when dissolved in water.
- Acids turn blue litmus paper red.
- Some acids are corrosive and can react with metals to produce hydrogen gas.
Common Acids
Some common acids include:
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
- Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
- Nitric acid (HNO3)
- Acetic acid (found in vinegar)
Uses of Acids
Acids have various applications in daily life and industry, including:
- Hydrochloric acid is used in the production of PVC and in the cleaning of metals.
- Sulfuric acid is used in car batteries, fertilizer production, and in the production of detergents.
- Nitric acid is used in the production of fertilizers, explosives, and dyes.
- Acetic acid is used in food preservation and as a solvent in the production of inks and paints.
pH Scale
The strength of an acid is measured on the pH scale, which ranges from 0 to 14. Acids have a pH value less than 7, with lower pH values indicating stronger acids.
Acid-Base Reactions
When an acid reacts with a base, they neutralize each other to form water and a salt. This type of reaction is called a neutralization reaction.
Study Tips
To study acids effectively, consider the following tips:
- Memorize common acids and their chemical formulas.
- Understand the properties of acids and how they react with other substances.
- Practice identifying acids based on their characteristics.
- Learn about the pH scale and how to measure the strength of acids.
- Review the applications of acids in various industries and daily life.
◂Science Worksheets and Study Guides Eighth Grade. Earthquakes
Worksheet/Answer key
Earthquakes 
Worksheet/Answer key
Earthquakes Worksheet/Answer key
Earthquakes Vocabulary/Answer key
Earthquakes Vocabulary/Answer key
Earthquakes Vocabulary/Answer key
Earthquakes Vocabulary/Answer key
Earthquakes
Worksheet/Answer keyWorksheet/Answer keyVocabulary/Answer keyVocabulary/Answer keyVocabulary/Answer keyVocabulary/Answer keyThe resources above cover the following skills:
Earth/Space Science: Students will use scientific skills and processes to explain the chemical and physical interactions (i.e., natural forces and cycles, transfer of energy) of the environment, Earth, and the universe that occur over time.
Earth History: Explain how sedimentary rock is formed periodically, embedding plant and animal remains and leaving a record of the sequence in which the plants and animals appeared and disappeared.
Explain how sedimentary rock buried deep enough may be reformed by pressure and heat and these reformed rock layers may be forced up again to become land surface and even mountains.
Explain why some fossils found in the top layers of sedimentary rock are older then those found beneath in lower layers: Folding; Breaking; Uplift; Faulting; Tilting.