Properties of Zirconium

• Atomic number: 40
• Atomic symbol: Zr
• Atomic weight: 91.224
• Physical state at room temperature: Solid
• Melting point: 1855°C (3371°F)
• Boiling point: 4409°C (7968°F)
• Density: 6.52 g/cm³
• Electron configuration: [Kr] 4d² 5s²

Uses of Zirconium

Zirconium has a variety of industrial applications, including:

• Nuclear reactors: Zirconium is used as a cladding material for nuclear fuel rods due to its low neutron absorption cross-section and excellent corrosion resistance.
• Alloys: Zirconium is used in various alloys to improve their mechanical properties, particularly in the aerospace and chemical processing industries.
• Ceramics: Zirconium dioxide (zirconia) is used in ceramics, including dental crowns, due to its high strength and biocompatibility.
• Pigments: Zirconium compounds are used as pigments in paints, plastics, and ceramics.

Study Guide for Zirconium

When studying zirconium, it is important to understand its properties, uses, and its presence in nature as zircon. Here are some key points to focus on:

1. Describe the physical and chemical properties of zirconium, including its melting and boiling points, density, and electron configuration.
2. Explain the significance of zirconium in nuclear reactors and its role as a cladding material for fuel rods.
3. Discuss the importance of zirconium alloys in the aerospace and chemical industries, and how zirconium enhances the properties of these alloys.
4. Explore the applications of zirconium dioxide (zirconia) in ceramics and its use in dental crowns due to its high strength and biocompatibility.
5. Investigate the use of zirconium compounds as pigments in various industrial products and their impact on the properties of these materials.

Understanding the diverse uses and properties of zirconium will provide a comprehensive overview of this important transition metal and its role in industrial and scientific applications.