Freezing

Freezing is the process in which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its freezing point. This phase transition occurs as the particles in the liquid lose energy and arrange themselves into a more ordered, solid structure. The freezing point of a substance is the temperature at which it freezes, and it is unique to each substance.

Key Concepts to Understand:

1. Phase Transition: The change of a substance from one state (solid, liquid, gas) to another, such as from liquid to solid during freezing.
2. Freezing Point: The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid.
3. Crystal Formation: The arrangement of particles in a more ordered, repeating pattern when a substance freezes.
4. Effect of Impurities: How the presence of impurities can lower the freezing point of a substance.

Study Guide:

1. What is freezing and how does it occur?
2. What factors can affect the freezing point of a substance?
3. Explain the process of crystal formation during freezing.
4. How does the presence of impurities affect the freezing point of a substance?
5. Provide examples of substances and their freezing points.