Sodium

Overview

Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal and is a member of the alkali metal group of the periodic table.

Properties

• Symbol: Na
• Atomic number: 11
• Atomic mass: 22.99
• State at room temperature: Solid
• Melting point: 97.79°C
• Boiling point: 882.9°C
• Density: 0.97 g/cm³
• Highly reactive and easily forms compounds with other elements

Occurrence

Sodium is the sixth most abundant element on Earth, and is widely distributed in nature. It is found in various minerals and as a component of salt (sodium chloride) in the Earth's oceans.

Uses

Sodium has numerous industrial and commercial applications, including:

• Manufacturing of chemicals and pharmaceuticals
• Production of soaps and detergents
• Use in the food industry as a flavor enhancer and preservative (as sodium chloride)
• Alloying agent in metallurgy
• Sodium vapor lamps for street lighting

Health Considerations

Sodium is an essential mineral for human health, but excessive consumption of sodium, often in the form of salt, has been linked to high blood pressure and other health issues. It is important to consume sodium in moderation as part of a balanced diet.

Study Tips

When studying sodium, it's important to understand its properties, occurrence in nature, uses, and its significance in human health. Practice identifying sodium in the periodic table and its chemical symbol (Na). Try to relate the uses of sodium to everyday products and industrial processes. Additionally, make sure to learn about the potential health effects of excessive sodium intake and the importance of moderation.