Chromosomes
Chromosomes are long, thread-like structures located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. They are made up of DNA and proteins, and their primary function is to store and transmit genetic information. Chromosomes are essential for the process of cell division and the inheritance of traits from one generation to the next.
Structure of Chromosomes
Each chromosome is made up of two sister chromatids, which are identical copies of the chromosome. The sister chromatids are held together at a region called the centromere. The number of chromosomes varies among different species. For example, humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes.
Function of Chromosomes
During cell division, chromosomes condense and become visible under a microscope. This allows for the orderly distribution of genetic material to daughter cells. Additionally, chromosomes carry the instructions for the development and functioning of an organism. They determine traits such as eye color, blood type, and susceptibility to certain diseases.
Study Guide
- What are chromosomes made of?
- Describe the structure of a chromosome.
- How many chromosomes do humans have?
- What is the function of chromosomes during cell division?
- How do chromosomes contribute to an organism's traits?
