What are Lichens?
Lichens are composite organisms that arise from a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner, which can be either a green alga or a cyanobacterium. They are found in various environments, including terrestrial, marine, and freshwater habitats.
Symbiotic Relationship
The fungus provides a protected environment and mineral nutrients for the photosynthetic partner, while the photosynthetic partner provides organic carbon compounds through photosynthesis, benefiting both organisms.
Characteristics of Lichens
Lichens can be found in a wide range of colors, textures, and forms. They are often found in harsh environments such as deserts, Arctic tundra, and rocky surfaces, where they play a crucial role in soil formation and ecological succession.
Reproduction
Lichens reproduce through a variety of methods, including fragmentation, vegetative reproduction, and the dispersal of fungal spores and algal cells. This allows them to colonize new areas and adapt to changing environmental conditions.
Ecological Importance
Lichens are important components of many ecosystems, providing food and habitat for various organisms. They are also used as bioindicators of air quality, as they are sensitive to air pollution and can accumulate heavy metals and other pollutants.
Study Guide
- What are the two components of a lichen?
- Describe the symbiotic relationship between the fungus and the photosynthetic partner.
- Where are lichens commonly found?
- How do lichens reproduce?
- Why are lichens important in ecosystems?
