Fertilization
Fertilization is the process by which a sperm cell and an egg cell (or ovum) fuse to form a single cell called a zygote. This process is essential for sexual reproduction in plants and animals.
Process of Fertilization:
- Release of the Egg: In females, an egg is released from the ovary and moves into the fallopian tube.
- Travel of Sperm: Sperm are deposited into the female reproductive system and travel through the cervix and into the fallopian tube.
- Fusion of Sperm and Egg: When a sperm reaches the egg, it penetrates the egg's outer layer and fuses with the egg, forming a zygote.
- Formation of Zygote: The zygote contains genetic material from both the sperm and the egg, and it begins to divide and develop into an embryo.
Factors Affecting Fertilization:
- Ovulation: Fertilization can only occur when an egg is released during ovulation.
- Sperm Count and Motility: The number and movement of sperm can affect the likelihood of fertilization.
- Fertility of Egg: The health and viability of the egg can impact fertilization.
- Reproductive Disorders: Issues such as endometriosis or polycystic ovary syndrome can affect the fertilization process.
Study Guide:
Here are some key points to remember about fertilization:
- Define fertilization and its importance in sexual reproduction.
- Describe the process of fertilization, including the release of the egg, travel of sperm, fusion of sperm and egg, and formation of the zygote.
- Explain the factors that can affect fertilization, such as ovulation, sperm count and motility, and reproductive disorders.
- Discuss the significance of fertilization in the context of human and plant reproduction.
Understanding the process of fertilization is crucial for comprehending the basics of sexual reproduction in living organisms.
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