Myelin Sheath

The myelin sheath is a protective covering that surrounds nerve fibers (axons) in the nervous system. It is made up of specialized cells called oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Structure and Function

The myelin sheath is composed of layers of cell membrane from the oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells, which wrap around the axon in a spiral fashion, creating a fatty substance that insulates the nerve fiber. This insulation is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system, as it speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses along the axon.

Functions of the myelin sheath include:

1. Insulating the nerve fiber
2. Increasing the speed of nerve impulse conduction
3. Protecting the axon from damage
4. Facilitating the proper functioning of the nervous system

Related Conditions

Disorders and diseases that affect the myelin sheath, such as multiple sclerosis, can result in impaired nerve function and communication within the nervous system, leading to various neurological symptoms.

Study Guide

To understand the myelin sheath, it's important to study the following aspects:

1. Structure of the myelin sheath and its components
2. Function of the myelin sheath in nerve impulse conduction
3. Role of oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS
4. Impact of myelin sheath disorders on nervous system function

Additionally, it can be helpful to explore the real-life applications of myelin sheath function, such as in the context of nerve conduction velocity in the human body.

Understanding the myelin sheath is crucial for comprehending the function and health of the nervous system, making it an essential topic in the study of neuroscience and biology.