Proteins
Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They are made up of smaller units called amino acids, which are linked together in a specific sequence. There are 20 different types of amino acids that can be combined to form a protein. These amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds to form long chains, which then fold into complex three-dimensional shapes.
Functions of Proteins
Proteins have a wide range of functions in the body, including:
- Enzymes: Proteins act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in the body.
- Structural support: Proteins such as collagen provide structure and support to cells, tissues, and organs.
- Transport: Some proteins, like hemoglobin, are involved in transporting molecules such as oxygen in the blood.
- Immune function: Antibodies are specialized proteins that help the body recognize and fight off foreign invaders.
- Hormones: Proteins like insulin act as chemical messengers, regulating various physiological processes.
- Regulation of gene expression: Certain proteins can bind to DNA and control the expression of specific genes.
Sources of Protein
Proteins are found in a variety of foods, including:
- Meat and poultry
- Fish and seafood
- Dairy products
- Eggs
- Legumes (beans, lentils, chickpeas)
- Nuts and seeds
- Tofu and other soy products
Study Guide
If you're studying proteins, here are some key points to focus on:
- Understand the structure of proteins, including the role of amino acids and peptide bonds.
- Learn about the various functions of proteins in the body, and give examples of proteins that serve each function.
- Identify sources of protein in the diet and understand the importance of consuming an adequate amount of protein for overall health.
- Explore the concept of protein synthesis and the role of DNA and RNA in determining the sequence of amino acids in a protein.
- Consider the impact of protein deficiency or excess on the body, and the importance of maintaining a balanced protein intake.
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