What is an Axon?
An axon is a part of a neuron that extends from the cell body and is responsible for transmitting electrical signals to other neurons, muscles, or glands.
Structure of an Axon
The structure of an axon includes the axon hillock (the region where the axon originates from the cell body), the axon proper (the long, slender part of the axon), and the axon terminals (the end of the axon that forms synaptic connections with other cells).
Function of an Axon
The primary function of an axon is to transmit electrical impulses, known as action potentials, away from the neuron's cell body and towards the axon terminals. These impulses travel along the length of the axon and are crucial for communication within the nervous system.
Myelinated vs. Unmyelinated Axons
Axons can be myelinated, meaning they are covered by a fatty substance called myelin, or unmyelinated, meaning they lack this covering. Myelinated axons conduct impulses faster due to the insulation provided by myelin, while unmyelinated axons transmit impulses more slowly.
Role in Nervous System Function
Axons are essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system, as they facilitate the transmission of sensory information, motor commands, and communication between different parts of the body.
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