Ohio Learning Standards

Ohio Learning Standards for Sixth Grade Biology

EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE (ESS)

Topic: Rocks, Minerals and Soil - This topic focuses on the study of rocks, minerals and soil, which make up the lithosphere. Classifying and identifying different types of rocks, minerals and soil can decode the past environment in which they formed.

6.ESS.1: Minerals have specific, quantifiable properties.

Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic solids that have a defined chemical composition. Minerals have properties that can be observed and measured. Minerals form in specific environments.

Minerals of Earth's crustMinerals are solid elements formed naturally in the Earth’s surface. Every mineral has a unique chemical composition – a mix of the chemicals that formed it. Rocks are made up of minerals, sometimes more than one kind of mineral! Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1Vocabulary :2

6.ESS.2: Igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks have unique characteristics that can be used for identification and/or classification.

Most rocks are composed of one or more minerals, but there are a few types of sedimentary rocks that contain organic material, such as coal. The composition of the rock, types of mineral present, and/or mineral shape and size can be used to identify the rock and to interpret its history of formation, breakdown (weathering) and transport (erosion).

Landforms, Rocks and soilLandsforms are features that make up the Earth's surface. They include mountains, plateaus, canyons, deltas, hills, valleys, and more... The Rock cycle, Volcanoes. How do Earthquakes happen? Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1Vocabulary :4

6.ESS.3: Igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks form in different ways.

Magma or lava cools and crystallizes to form igneous rocks. Heat and pressure applied to existing rock forms metamorphic rocks. Sedimentary rock forms as existing rock weathers chemically and/or physically and the weathered material is compressed and then lithifies. Each rock type can provide information about the environment in which it was formed.

6.ESS.4: Soil is unconsolidated material that contains nutrient matter and weathered rock.

Soil formation occurs at different rates and is based on environmental conditions, types of existing bedrock and rates of weathering. Soil forms in layers known as horizons. Soil horizons can be distinguished from one another based on properties that can be measured. The terms dirt and soil are not synonymous, use the term “soil”.

6.ESS.5: Rocks, minerals and soils have common and practical uses.

Nearly all manufactured material requires some kind of geologic resource. Most geologic resources are considered nonrenewable. Rocks, minerals and soil are examples of geologic resources that are nonrenewable.

Energy resourcesA renewable resource is a resource that can be naturally restored or at least replenished as it is needed: The power of WIND, the power of WATER, the power of the SUN, Geothermal energy (heat from the earth), the Energy of TRASH. Fossil fuels - Crude Oil, Coal, Natural Gas - are nonrenewable resources. These types of resources take much longer to replace than most societies can wait. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1Vocabulary :2

LIFE SCIENCE (LS)

Topic: Cellular to Multicellular - This topic focuses on the study of the basics of Modern Cell Theory. All organisms are composed of cells, which are the fundamental unit of life. Cells carry on the many processes that sustain life. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

6.LS.1: Cells are the fundamental unit of life.

All living things are composed of cells. Different body tissues and organs are made of different kinds of cells. The ways cells function are similar in all living organisms.

Cells, tissues and organsFreeCells need ENERGY to do all this work. Cellular respiration is the process where cells turn food into usable energy. When similar cells group together and work together for the same purpose, they form tissues. For example, skin tissues protect our bodies from dirt and germs getting inside our bodies. Nerve tissue helps us feel things, such as if something is hot or cold. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1Vocabulary :6

6.LS.3: Cells carry on specific functions that sustain life.

Many basic functions of organisms occur in cells. Cells take in nutrients and energy to perform work, like making various molecules required by that cell or an organism.

Roots, Stems and LeavesPlants have two different root systems: a Taproot and a Fibrous Root system. Leaves of a plant are made of plant organs and tissues. The top layer of leaf, which protects the leaf, is called its epidermis. Leaves have tiny openings underneath them called the stomata which let air and water in and out of the leaf. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1Vocabulary :3

Within the cell are specialized parts for the transport of materials, energy capture and release, protein building, waste disposal, information feedback and movement.

6.LS.4: Living systems at all levels of organization demonstrate the complementary nature of structure and function.

The level of organization within organisms includes cells, tissues, organs, organ systems and whole organisms.

Animal Diversity and AdaptationsFreeHere are some examples of the systems that animals and humans have in common: Integumentary system, Muscular system, Endocrine system, Nervous system, Circulatory system, Respiratory system, Digestive system, Excretory System, Reproductive system, Immune system, Skeletal System. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1Vocabulary :5

Whether the organism is single-celled or multicellular, all of its parts function as a whole to perform the tasks necessary for the survival of the organism.

The 6 Kingdoms of LifeScientists classify plants and animals according to the structures and characteristics of each organism. They compare and contrast organisms, and those with similar structures and characteristics are grouped together. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1Vocabulary :4

PHYSICAL SCIENCE (PS)

Topic: Matter and Motion - This topic focuses on the study of foundational concepts of the particulate nature of matter, linear motion, and kinetic and potential energy.

6.PS.1: Matter is made up of small particles called atoms.

Matter has mass, volume and density and is made up of particles called atoms.

Properties of matter and EnergyWhat is matter? Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. Kinetic energy is energy that is happening now; it is energy in motion. Potential energy is energy that is waiting to happen; it is stored energy. How does heat get transferred: By conduction, by convection and by radiation. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1Vocabulary :2

Elements, mixtures and compoundsElements are a basic (simple) kind of matter. They can’t be broken down into simpler parts and still keep their properties because they are in the simplest form. A solute is the substance that is dissolved in the solvent. Solubility refers to the ability of one substance to dissolve into another substance. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1Vocabulary :2

Elements are a class of substances composed of a single kind of atom.

6.PS.2: Changes of state are explained by a model of matter composed of particles that are in motion.

Temperature is a measure of the average motion of the particles in a substance.

Solids, liquids and gases.Solid, liquid, and gas are all states of matter. The molecules in solids are tightly packed together. The molecules in liquids are not as close as those in solids; they have a little more room to move around. The molecules in gases are far apart. Gases can fill any size room or any size container. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1Vocabulary :1

Heat is a process of energy transfer rather than a type of energy. Energy transfer can result in a change in temperature or a phase change.

When substances undergo changes of state, atoms change their motion and position.

6.PS.3: There are two categories of energy: kinetic and potential.

Objects and substances in motion have kinetic energy.

Objects and substances can have energy as a result of their position (potential energy).

Standards

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