Vitamins

Vitamins are essential organic compounds that are required in small amounts for the normal functioning of the human body. They play a crucial role in various physiological processes, including metabolism, immunity, and growth.

Types of Vitamins

Vitamins are classified into two categories: water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins.

Water-Soluble Vitamins

These vitamins are not stored in the body and are easily excreted in urine. They include:

• Vitamin C
• B-vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12)

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

These vitamins are stored in the body's fatty tissues and liver. They include:

• Vitamin A
• Vitamin D
• Vitamin E
• Vitamin K

Sources of Vitamins

Vitamins can be obtained from various food sources, including:

• Fruits and vegetables
• Whole grains
• Meat and dairy products
• Fortified foods

Functions of Vitamins

Each vitamin has specific functions in the body. Some of the key functions include:

• Antioxidant activity (e.g., vitamin C and E)
• Cellular energy production (e.g., B-vitamins)
• Bone health (e.g., vitamin D)
• Wound healing (e.g., vitamin A)

Deficiency and Toxicity

Deficiency of vitamins can lead to various health problems, such as scurvy (vitamin C deficiency) and rickets (vitamin D deficiency). On the other hand, excessive intake of certain vitamins can lead to toxicity and adverse effects.

Study Guide

When studying vitamins, it's important to:

1. Understand the classification of vitamins into water-soluble and fat-soluble categories.
2. Memorize the different types of vitamins and their sources.
3. Learn about the functions of each vitamin in the body.
4. Understand the consequences of vitamin deficiency and toxicity.