Hydrological Cycle

The hydrological cycle, also known as the water cycle, is the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. It involves the processes of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff.

Processes of the Hydrological Cycle

1. Evaporation: The process by which water is converted from its liquid state to a gaseous state, primarily from the surface of water bodies.
2. Condensation: The process by which water vapor in the air is changed into liquid water, forming clouds.
3. Precipitation: The release of water, in liquid or solid form, from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface, including rain, snow, sleet, and hail.
4. Runoff: The flow of water over the land surface into bodies of water, such as rivers, lakes, and oceans, after precipitation.

Importance of the Hydrological Cycle

The hydrological cycle is vital for the distribution of water across the Earth's surface, providing freshwater for plants, animals, and human populations. It also plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's temperature and climate.

Human Impact on the Hydrological Cycle

Human activities, such as deforestation, urbanization, and pollution, can significantly impact the hydrological cycle, leading to changes in precipitation patterns, water quality, and availability of freshwater resources.

Study Guide

Here are some key points to focus on when studying the hydrological cycle:

• Understand each process of the hydrological cycle and their interconnections.
• Learn about the factors that influence evaporation, condensation, and precipitation, such as temperature, humidity, and air pressure.
• Explore the impact of human activities on the hydrological cycle and the environment.
• Review the importance of the hydrological cycle for ecosystems and human societies.