Ionic Bonding

Definition

Ionic bonding is the type of bonding that occurs when one atom transfers one or more electrons to another atom. This transfer of electrons results in the formation of positively and negatively charged ions, which are then attracted to each other due to their opposite charges.

Formation of Ionic Bonds

Ionic bonds are formed between metals and non-metals. Metals tend to lose electrons to form positively charged ions (cations), while non-metals tend to gain electrons to form negatively charged ions (anions). The electrostatic attraction between these oppositely charged ions results in the formation of an ionic bond.

Characteristics of Ionic Compounds

• Formed by the combination of cations and anions
• Have high melting and boiling points
• Dissolve in water to form conducting solutions
• Form crystal lattices in the solid state
• Generally have a high degree of ionic character

Examples of Ionic Compounds

Common examples of ionic compounds include table salt (sodium chloride, NaCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and magnesium oxide (MgO).

Study Guide Questions

1. What is an ionic bond?
2. Explain the formation of ionic bonds.
3. What are the characteristics of ionic compounds?
4. Provide examples of ionic compounds.