Respiratory System

Overview

The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of gases in the body, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide. It includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

Key Components

• Nose: The nasal passages filter, warm, and moisten incoming air.
• Pharynx: Commonly known as the throat, it serves as a passageway for air and food.
• Larynx: Also called the voice box, it contains the vocal cords and helps with breathing and sound production.
• Trachea: The windpipe that connects the larynx to the bronchi and allows air to pass through.
• Bronchi: The airways that branch off from the trachea and lead to the lungs.
• Lungs: The primary organs of respiration where gas exchange occurs.

Gas Exchange

Within the lungs, oxygen from inhaled air is transferred to the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide is removed from the blood and exhaled out of the body. This process occurs in tiny air sacs called alveoli.

Respiratory Disorders

Common respiratory conditions include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, and bronchitis. Smoking, air pollution, and infections can contribute to these disorders.

Study Tips

1. Understand the structure and function of each component of the respiratory system.
2. Memorize the process of gas exchange and the role of the alveoli.
3. Review common respiratory disorders and their causes.
4. Practice drawing and labeling the respiratory system to reinforce your understanding.