Ileum

The ileum is the final section of the small intestine, located between the jejunum and the cecum, which is the first part of the large intestine. It is a crucial part of the digestive system, where the absorption of nutrients from digested food takes place.

Anatomy of the Ileum

The ileum is approximately 6 meters long in humans and is characterized by its thin walls and the presence of numerous tiny finger-like projections called villi. These villi increase the surface area of the ileum, facilitating the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.

Function of the Ileum

The primary function of the ileum is the absorption of nutrients, including vitamin B12, bile salts, and whatever products of digestion were not absorbed by the jejunum. It also plays a role in the immune system, as it contains specialized lymphoid tissue known as Peyer's patches, which help protect the body from harmful bacteria and other pathogens present in the digestive tract.

Study Guide

When studying the ileum, it is important to understand its anatomy, function, and its role in the digestive and immune systems. Here are some key points to focus on:

1. Location and position of the ileum in the digestive system.
2. Anatomy of the ileum, including its length, structure, and the presence of villi.
3. Function of the ileum in the absorption of nutrients, particularly vitamin B12 and bile salts.
4. The role of Peyer's patches in the immune system and how they protect the body from pathogens.
5. How the ileum works in coordination with other parts of the digestive system, such as the stomach, duodenum, and jejunum.
6. Common disorders or diseases related to the ileum, such as Crohn's disease, and their impact on its function.

Understanding the ileum is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the digestive system and its role in maintaining overall health and well-being.