Exercise physiology is the study of the acute responses and chronic adaptations to a wide range of physical exercise conditions. It encompasses the study of the body's response to exercise, including the cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems, as well as the energysystems that support physical activity.
Cardiovascular Responses: When you exercise, your heart rate increases to pump more oxygen-rich blood to your muscles. The stroke volume also increases, allowing more blood to be pumped with each heartbeat. These responses help to deliver more oxygen and nutrients to the working muscles.
Respiratory Responses: During exercise, your breathing rate and depth of respiration increase to meet the oxygen demands of the body. This helps to remove carbon dioxide and other waste products from the body.
EnergySystems: The body uses different energysystems to fuel different types of exercise. These include the phosphagen system, the glycolytic system, and the oxidative system. Each system provides energy to support various intensities and durations of physical activity.
Adaptations to Training: Regular exercise leads to specific adaptations in the body, such as increased cardiovascular fitness, improved musclestrength and endurance, and enhanced coordination and flexibility. These adaptations occur in response to the specific demands placed on the body during exercise.
To effectively study exercise physiology, it is important to understand the underlying physiological mechanisms that drive the body's responses to exercise. Key topics to focus on include:
Anatomy and Physiology: Gain a solid understanding of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems, as well as the energysystems that support physical activity.
EnergySystems: Learn about the different energy pathways involved in exercise, including the ATP-PC system, anaerobic glycolysis, and aerobic metabolism.
Exercise Testing and Prescription: Understand the principles of exercise testing and prescription, including how to assess an individual's fitness level and develop effective exercise programs based on their goals and abilities.
Training Adaptations: Explore the specific adaptations that occur in the body in response to different types of exercise, such as strength training, endurance training, and flexibility exercises.
By mastering these key concepts and topics, you can develop a comprehensive understanding of exercise physiology and its practical applications in the fields of fitness, sports performance, and rehabilitation.
Energy - A. Energy is involved in all physical and chemical processes. It is conserved, and can be transformed from one form to another and into work. At the atomic and nuclear levels energy is not continuous but exists in discrete amounts. Energy and mass are related through Einstein's equation E=mc 2 . B. The properties of atomic nuclei are responsible for energy-related phenomena such as radioactivity, fission and fusion. C. Changes in entropy and energy that accompany chemical reactions influence reaction paths. Chemical reactions result in the release or absorption of energy. D. The theory of electromagnetism explains that electricity and magnetism are closely related. Electric charges are the source of electric fields. Moving charges generate magnetic fields. E. Waves are the propagation of a disturbance. They transport energy and momentum but do not transport matter.
Relate temperature to the average molecular kinetic energy.