Antidepressants

Antidepressants are medications used to treat depression and other mood disorders. They work by affecting the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, especially serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. There are several classes of antidepressants, each with different mechanisms of action and potential side effects.

Classes of Antidepressants

There are several classes of antidepressants, including:

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Examples include fluoxetine, sertraline, and paroxetine. SSRIs work by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain.
Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs): Examples include venlafaxine and duloxetine. SNRIs increase the levels of both serotonin and norepinephrine.
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs): Examples include amitriptyline and nortriptyline. TCAs work by increasing the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine, but they also affect other neurotransmitter systems.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs): Examples include phenelzine and tranylcypromine. MAOIs increase the levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine by inhibiting the enzyme monoamine oxidase.
Atypical Antidepressants: This class includes medications with diverse mechanisms of action, such as bupropion, mirtazapine, and trazodone.

How Antidepressants Work

Antidepressants work by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain. Serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine are all involved in regulating mood, and imbalances in these neurotransmitters are thought to contribute to depression and other mood disorders.

Common Side Effects

Common side effects of antidepressants may include:

Nausea
Insomnia or drowsiness
Weight gain or loss
Sexual dysfunction
Constipation
Dizziness
Agitation or restlessness

Important Considerations

When taking antidepressants, it's important to:

Follow your doctor's instructions carefully
Be patient, as it can take several weeks for the full effects of the medication to be felt
Not stop taking the medication abruptly, as this can lead to withdrawal symptoms
Be aware of potential interactions with other medications or substances

Always consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice regarding antidepressant use.

◂Chemistry Worksheets and Study Guides High School. Kinetics and Equilibrium

Worksheet/Answer key

Kinetics and Equilibrium

Worksheet/Answer key

Kinetics and Equilibrium

Worksheet/Answer key

Kinetics and Equilibrium

The resources above cover the following skills:

PHYSICAL SCIENCE (NGSS)

Matter and Its Interactions

Students who demonstrate understanding can:

Develop a model to illustrate that the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends upon the changes in total bond energy.

Refine the design of a chemical system by specifying a change in conditions that would produce increased amounts of products at equilibrium.

Energy

Students who demonstrate understanding can:

Develop and use models to illustrate that energy at the macroscopic scale can be accounted for as either motions of particles or energy stored in fields.