Large Intestine

The large intestine, also known as the colon, is the final part of the digestive system. It is responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from undigested food, and for the formation and storage of feces before they are eliminated from the body.

Anatomy of the Large Intestine

The large intestine is divided into several parts, including the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum. It is approximately 1.5 meters long and 6.5 centimeters in diameter.

Functions of the Large Intestine

1. Water Absorption: The large intestine absorbs water from the undigested food, leaving a semisolid waste material.
2. Formation of Feces: It helps in the formation of feces by absorbing salts and electrolytes, and by hosting beneficial bacteria that further break down undigested material.
3. Storage of Feces: The large intestine stores feces until they are ready to be eliminated from the body through the rectum and anus.

Common Disorders of the Large Intestine

Some common disorders of the large intestine include:

• Constipation: Difficulty in passing stools due to the slow movement of waste material through the colon, leading to hard and dry stools.
• Diarrhea: Frequent passage of loose, watery stools due to the rapid movement of waste material through the colon, resulting in decreased water absorption.
• Colon Cancer: Cancer that develops in the colon and rectum, often starting as polyps that can be detected and removed during a colonoscopy.

Study Guide

To study the large intestine effectively, consider the following:

1. Understand the anatomy of the large intestine, including its parts and their functions.
2. Learn about the processes that occur in the large intestine, such as water absorption, formation of feces, and storage of feces.
3. Explore the common disorders of the large intestine and their causes, symptoms, and treatments.
4. Review the role of the large intestine in the overall digestive system and its importance in maintaining homeostasis in the body.

Understanding the structure and functions of the large intestine is crucial for comprehending the digestive process and its impact on overall health.