Solid
In chemistry, a solid is one of the four fundamental states of matter. Solids have a fixed volume and shape, and the particles are packed closely together in a regular, orderly arrangement. The intermolecular forces in solids are strong, which accounts for their rigid structure.
Properties of Solids
- Definite Shape: Solids have a fixed shape that does not conform to the shape of their container.
- Definite Volume: The volume of a solid remains constant under normal conditions.
- Strong Intermolecular Forces: The particles in a solid are held together by strong intermolecular forces, resulting in a rigid structure.
- Low Compressibility: Solids are difficult to compress due to the close packing of particles.
- High Density: Solids generally have high density due to the close arrangement of particles.
Types of Solids
There are different types of solids based on the arrangement of particles:
- Crystalline Solids: These solids have a highly ordered and repeating arrangement of particles, resulting in distinct crystal lattice structures. Examples include salt, diamond, and quartz.
- Amorphous Solids: In contrast to crystalline solids, amorphous solids have a disordered arrangement of particles without a distinct crystal lattice. Examples include glass, plastic, and gels.
- Molecular Solids: These solids consist of individual molecules held together by intermolecular forces. Examples include ice and sugar.
- Atomic Solids: Atomic solids are composed of individual atoms bonded together to form a solid structure. Examples include noble gases in their solid state and metals.
Study Guide
To understand the topic of solids, it is important to cover the following key areas:
- Definition of a solid and its properties
- Understanding the different types of solids and their characteristics
- Exploring the structure and properties of crystalline and amorphous solids
- Relating the behavior of solids to their intermolecular forces
- Examining real-life examples and applications of different types of solids
Additionally, practicing problem-solving related to the properties and behavior of solids can help reinforce the understanding of this topic.
[Solid] Related Worksheets and Study Guides:
.◂Chemistry Worksheets and Study Guides High School. Matter and Energy
Worksheet/Answer key
Matter and Energy 
Worksheet/Answer key
Matter and Energy Worksheet/Answer key
Matter and Energy
Worksheet/Answer keyWorksheet/Answer keyThe resources above cover the following skills:
PHYSICAL SCIENCE (NGSS)
Matter and Its Interactions
Students who demonstrate understanding can:
Develop a model to illustrate that the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends upon the changes in total bond energy.
Energy
Students who demonstrate understanding can:
Develop and use models to illustrate that energy at the macroscopic scale can be accounted for as either motions of particles or energy stored in fields.