Testes: Anatomy and Function

The testes are a pair of male reproductive organs located in the scrotum, a sac of skin and muscle below the abdomen. The primary function of the testes is to produce sperm and testosterone, the male sex hormone.

Anatomy of the Testes

The testes are oval-shaped organs approximately 4-5 centimeters in length. Each testis is composed of seminiferous tubules, where sperm is produced, and interstitial cells (Leydig cells) that produce testosterone. The testes are also surrounded by a fibrous tissue called the tunica albuginea.

Function of the Testes

Sperm Production: The seminiferous tubules within the testes are responsible for producing sperm through a process called spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis involves the division and maturation of germ cells into spermatozoa.

Testosterone Production: The Leydig cells in the testes secrete testosterone, which is essential for the development of male reproductive tissues such as the testes and prostate, as well as the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as facial hair and deepening of the voice.

Study Guide for Testes

1. Describe the location and structure of the testes.
2. Explain the process of spermatogenesis and its significance.
3. Discuss the role of testosterone in male reproductive function.
4. Compare and contrast the functions of the seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells within the testes.