Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland in the brain. It plays a crucial role in the reproductive system, particularly in the regulation of the menstrual cycle and the production of sperm.
Function
FSH stimulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles in females and the production of sperm in males. In females, FSH helps to regulate the menstrual cycle and is essential for the development and maturation of oocytes (egg cells). In males, FSH is important for the production of sperm in the testes.
Regulation
The secretion of FSH is controlled by a complex feedback system involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and the gonads (ovaries in females, testes in males). The hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the pituitary gland to release FSH. FSH, in turn, stimulates the gonads to produce sex hormones (estrogen in females, testosterone in males), which provide feedback to the pituitary and hypothalamus to regulate the levels of FSH.
Clinical Significance
Abnormal levels of FSH can indicate various reproductive health issues. High levels of FSH in women may indicate ovarian failure or menopause, while low levels can indicate pituitary or hypothalamic dysfunction. In men, abnormal FSH levels may be linked to issues with sperm production and fertility.
Study Guide
- Define Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and its primary function.
- Describe the role of FSH in the female reproductive system.
- Explain how FSH is involved in the male reproductive system.
- Outline the regulatory mechanism of FSH secretion involving the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
- Discuss the clinical significance of abnormal FSH levels in both females and males.
