An ecological system, also known as an ecosystem, is a community of living organisms (biotic components) interacting with each other and their non-living environment (abiotic components) within a specific area. These interactions are characterized by the flow of energy and the cycling of nutrients, resulting in a dynamic and interconnected web of relationships.
Use mathematical representations to analyze the proportion and quantity of particles in solution.
Equilibrium
Analyze and interpret data to explain the change in concentration of products and reactants, and the stable state achieved under reversible conditions.