The atomic number of an element is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom of that element. It is a unique identifier for each element and is represented by the symbol "Z". The atomic number determines the identity of an element and its placement on the periodic table.
The atomic number is crucial in understanding the structure of atoms and the behavior of elements. It provides important information about an element, such as its electronic configuration, chemical properties, and position in the periodic table. Knowing the atomic number of an element allows us to predict its reactivity, bonding behavior, and other fundamental characteristics.