Neurons and Nerves

Neurons are the fundamental units of the nervous system. They transmit information through electrical and chemical signals. Nerves are bundles of neurons that transmit signals between the brain, spinal cord, and other parts of the body.

Neurotransmission

Neurotransmission is the process by which neurons communicate with each other. When an action potential reaches the end of a neuron, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synapse, which then bind to receptors on the next neuron, propagating the signal.

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS includes all the nerves outside the CNS. The CNS is responsible for processing and integrating information, while the PNS transmits sensory and motor signals to and from the CNS.

Brain Structure and Function

The brain is divided into different regions, each responsible for specific functions such as motor control, sensory perception, memory, and emotions. Understanding the structure and function of these brain regions is essential in neurophysiology.

Electrophysiology

Electrophysiology is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues, including neurons. It involves techniques such as patch clamping and electroencephalography (EEG) to measure and analyze electrical activity in the nervous system.

Neurological Disorders

Understanding neurophysiology is crucial for comprehending neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. These disorders involve abnormalities in the structure or function of the nervous system, leading to various symptoms and impairments.