Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are one of the essential macronutrients that provide energy to the body. They are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

Types of Carbohydrates

• Simple Carbohydrates: Also known as sugars, these are composed of one or two sugar molecules. Examples include glucose, fructose, and lactose.
• Complex Carbohydrates: Made up of long chains of sugar molecules. Examples include starches, cellulose, and glycogen.

Functions of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates serve several important functions in the body:

• Provide energy for the body's cells
• Act as a primary source of fuel for the brain and nervous system
• Assist in the metabolism of fats
• Play a role in the structure of cells and tissues

Dietary Sources of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates can be found in a variety of foods, including:

• Grains such as rice, wheat, and oats
• Fruits and vegetables
• Dairy products
• Legumes and pulses
• Sugars and sweeteners

Carbohydrates and Health

While carbohydrates are an important part of a balanced diet, it's essential to consume them in moderation. Diets high in simple carbohydrates, such as refined sugars, can lead to health issues such as obesity and diabetes. On the other hand, complex carbohydrates provide sustained energy and are beneficial for overall health.

Study Guide

Here are some key points to remember when studying carbohydrates:

1. Understand the chemical composition of carbohydrates and their basic structure.
2. Learn the difference between simple and complex carbohydrates and give examples of each.
3. Be able to explain the functions of carbohydrates in the body, including their role as an energy source and in cell structure.
4. Identify common dietary sources of carbohydrates and their nutritional value.
5. Discuss the impact of carbohydrates on health, including the implications of excessive consumption of simple carbohydrates.